LOGGIC Core: A molecular biology database on low-grade gliomas in children

Gliomas are tumors of the brain or spinal cord (CNS tumors) that arise from the supporting cells of the nervous system (glial cells) and can grow slowly or aggressively, depending on the type. Gliomas are classified into four grades according to the World Health Organization (WHO). These can be summarized as low-grade (Grades 1 and 2) and high-grade (Grades 3 and 4) gliomas. In general, low-grade gliomas have a better prognosis because they grow more slowly. Nevertheless, their growth is unpredictable, and the course of the disease can be life-threatening. Among the most common low-grade gliomas in children are pilocytic astrocytomas (Grade 1), glioneural tumors (Grade 1), and diffuse astrocytomas (Grade 2), which differ in cell composition, growth patterns, and demarcation from surrounding tissue. The diagnosis can often be made through MRI imaging of the head, but is usually confirmed by a tissue sample (biopsy). The tissue sample is also examined for molecular biomarkers—that is, specific genetic alterations—to classify the tumor more precisely and determine possible treatment options. In exceptional cases, a biopsy may not be performed, for example, if the tumor is located in an unfavorable position.

The standard treatment usually consists of surgery, during which the goal is to remove the tumor as completely as possible. If complete removal is not possible or the tumor continues to grow, medications such as chemotherapy or targeted therapies may be used. In certain cases, radiation therapy is also considered, but usually only if other treatments are insufficient. The chances of a cure depend heavily on the subtype and location of the tumor.

The goal of the LOGGIC CORE study is to establish a molecular and clinical database to improve our understanding of the tumor biology of the disease and thereby develop new treatment options. As part of the study, genetic characteristics will be determined from previously collected tissue and blood samples, thereby creating a “molecular fingerprint” of the tumor. The LOGGIC CORE study does not provide treatment recommendations, nor are any medications being tested. However, analysis of the tumor may yield new insights that could potentially lead to additional personalized treatment options. The study is purely a registry study; there is no set end date.

Children and adolescents up to age 20 who have a low-grade glioma (Grade 1 or 2) are eligible to participate in the study. Patients may participate at any stage of the disease, meaning at the time of initial diagnosis as well as in the event of a recurrence or disease progression. A biopsy of the tumor must have been performed for participation. Participation in the study without a tissue sample is permitted only in exceptional cases. This applies when a biopsy is not possible due to the tumor’s hard-to-reach location, but the diagnosis can be confirmed using MRI imaging.